Discover how Philosophy's practical applications for challenges in the modern world
Philosophy is the careful, reasoned engagement with fundamental questions about human existence, truth and knowledge, right and wrong, politics and justice, art, faith and reason. But you’ll do more than explore ideas with us. You’ll apply philosophy in real-world scenarios, examining philosophy’s role in addressing global, social and political challenges. Develop your skills in critical thinking and clarity of communication, and you can be confident of success in a very wide range of graduate roles.
Why Lancaster?
Take the opportunity to engage in philosophy as an active practice, learning from philosophers who are actively involved in developing the research, ideas, and theory you will study
Study a distinctive course that draws upon multiple philosophical traditions including, western, Indian, Chinese, and feminist thought
Join a thriving community and take part in events organised by our Philosophical Society, including debates, essay competitions, and visits by guest speakers
Develop a strong portfolio of work, showcasing your philosophical reasoning skills, critical thinking skills and communicative abilities, valuable attributes that will open up a range of career prospects
Depth and breadth of philosophical knowledge
This course will provide you with rich and varied philosophical knowledge, through engaging with methodological and culturally diverse content across a broad range of topics. In your first year, you will study ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, history of philosophy, global philosophy, and political thought, developing strong foundational knowledge and confidence in key areas of the discipline.
In your second year, alongside core study in applied philosophy, you will choose subjects from amongst these and others to study in greater depth, developing a rich picture of key questions and debates in philosophy. Previous students have enjoyed:
The philosophy of science
Feminist philosophy
Metaethics
19th century analytic philosophy
Aesthetics
This depth of knowledge and study will prepare you for your final year of the programme, in which you will probe our specialist, cutting-edge research with topics that have ranged in the past from the ethics and politics of communication to philosophy of mental disorder, to the philosophy of war and conflict.
Understand philosophy’s impact on the world
Throughout your degree, you will consider philosophy’s relevance to and impact on the world, as philosophy is not something we exclusively learn about in the classroom. At Lancaster, our emphasis is on philosophy as a collective, ongoing, socially applicable practice and we foster a collaborative learning environment where ideas are shared and developed together.
Applied philosophy is central to our programme. Through exploration of specialist topics and contemporary debates you will tackle complex theoretical and practical issues, engage with important global social challenges, and develop critical reasoning and communication skills. Through multiple perspectives—including global traditions, feminist and critical thought, political philosophy, and the history of philosophy—you will explore philosophy’s relevance to social and political life.
Gain critical skills
Philosophy is both an activity and a body of knowledge—at Lancaster, we emphasise both. Through structured training and practice, you will develop critical thinking and logic skills essential for philosophical reasoning and practice and beyond.
Through lectures, seminars, and guided reasoning activities, you will discuss and critically engage with ideas and arguments. You will learn the basics of formal logic and how to apply it to philosophical analysis as well as be encouraged to consider when formal methods are useful, and when it makes sense to use other philosophical methods to analyse positions, ideas and texts.
In your second year, you will undertake a guided philosophy project, working independently and in a small group with structured staff guidance on a text, group of texts, or problem. This will culminate in a portfolio that demonstrates your skills and knowledge.
These experiences provide the foundation for your final year, where you will independently research a longer-form piece of writing or project, working closely with a member of staff with expertise in your chosen area, and take part in in-depth discussion-based workshops with your peers and lecturers. You will draw on your ability to critically question philosophical practices and build on your communication skills to effectively analyse important philosophical questions within your work.
Formed in 1959, the Richardson Institute is the oldest peace and conflict research centre in the UK. Since 2012 it has provided an internship programme that gives students the opportunity to work with different organisations on issues of peace and conflict.
The study abroad option is an exciting opportunity for anyone who is thinking of working abroad during their career or who simply wants the experience of living and studying overseas as part of their degree.
Often study abroad students describe the year abroad as a “transformative experience”, as it can shape your future career path as well as having a positive impact on your personal development.
On a study abroad course, you'll spend two years at Lancaster before going overseas in your third year to study at one of our international partner universities. This will help you to
develop your global outlook
expand your professional network
increase your cultural awareness
develop your personal skills.
You’ll return to Lancaster for your final year of study in year four.
Host universities
During your year abroad, you will choose specialist modules relating to your degree and potentially other modules offered by the host university that are specialisms of that university and country.
The places available at our overseas partners vary every year. In previous years destinations for students in the Faculty have included Australia, USA, Canada, Europe and Asia.
Alternative option
We will make reasonable endeavours to place students at an approved overseas partner university that offers appropriate modules. Occasionally places overseas may not be available for all students who want to study abroad or the place at the partner university may be withdrawn if core modules are unavailable.
If you are not offered a place to study overseas, you will be able to transfer to the equivalent standard 3-year degree scheme and would complete your studies at Lancaster. Lancaster University cannot accept responsibility for any financial aspects of the year abroad.
Careers
Employers seek individuals with the mental agility and critical thinking skills to tackle and solve complex and novel challenges. They look for independence of mind, and the ability to communicate clearly at all levels. Philosophy at Lancaster develops all of these skills, preparing you for success in a senior position in a wide variety of employment sectors.
Sectors of interest could include:
Media, publishing or journalism
Business including HR or consultancy
Non-profit organisations
Education
Law
Information and digital technology
Marketing and advertising
A variety of careers are possible:
Policy analyst
Project manager
Journalist
Public relations specialist
Civil servant
Teacher of higher education
Publishing specialist
Entrepreneur
Marketing executive
Social researcher
Local government officer
This course also provides a strong foundation for further study, with some students going on to take a master's in philosophy or a related field such as Public Policy.
Careers and employability support
Our degrees open up an extremely wide array of career pathways in businesses and organisations, large and small, in the UK and overseas.
We run a paid internship scheme specifically for our arts, humanities and social sciences students, supported by a specialist Employability Team. The team offer individual consultations and tailored application guidance, as well as careers events, development opportunities, and resources.
Whether you have a clear idea of your potential career path or need some help considering the options, our friendly team is on hand.
Lancaster is unique in that every student is eligible to participate in The Lancaster Award which recognises activities such as work experience, community engagement or volunteering and social development. A valuable addition to your CV!
Find out more about Lancaster’s careers events, extensive resources and personal support for Careers and Employability.
Careers
Find out about some of the careers our alumni have entered into after graduation.
Entry requirements
These are the typical grades that you will need to study this course. This section will tell you whether you need qualifications in specific subjects, what our English language requirements are, and if there are any extra requirements such as attending an interview or submitting a portfolio.
Qualifications and typical requirements accordion
ABB
30 Level 3 credits at Distinction plus 15 Level 3 credits at Merit
We accept the Advanced Skills Baccalaureate Wales in place of one A level, or equivalent qualification, as long as any subject requirements are met.
DDM
A level at grade B plus BTEC(s) at DD, or A levels at grade BB plus BTEC at D
32 points overall with 16 points from the best 3 HL subjects
We are happy to admit applicants on the basis of five Highers, but where we require a specific subject at A level, we will typically require an Advanced Higher in that subject. If you do not meet the grade requirement through Highers alone, we will consider a combination of Highers and Advanced Highers in separate subjects. Please contact the Admissions team for more information.
Distinction overall
Help from our Admissions team
If you are thinking of applying to Lancaster and you would like to ask us a question, complete our enquiry form and one of the team will get back to you.
Delivered in partnership with INTO Lancaster University, our one-year tailored foundation pathways are designed to improve your subject knowledge and English language skills to the level required by a range of Lancaster University degrees. Visit the INTO Lancaster University website for more details and a list of eligible degrees you can progress onto.
Contextual admissions
Contextual admissions could help you gain a place at university if you have faced additional challenges during your education which might have impacted your results. Visit our contextual admissions page to find out about how this works and whether you could be eligible.
Course structure
Lancaster University offers a range of programmes, some of which follow a structured study programme, and some which offer the chance for you to devise a more flexible programme to complement your main specialism.
Information contained on the website with respect to modules is correct at the time of publication, and the University will make every reasonable effort to offer modules as advertised. In some cases changes may be necessary and may result in some combinations being unavailable, for example as a result of student feedback, timetabling, Professional Statutory and Regulatory Bodies' (PSRB) requirements, staff changes and new research. Not all optional modules are available every year.
Discovery modules
Humanities, arts and social sciences offer important and innovative perspectives on the topics and debates that are shaping our futures. Each year you will take a Discovery module alongside your core subject modules. Discovery modules are designed to empower you to develop your individual voice and skills.
Designed to enhance your personal development, your Discovery module is one of your core modules in Year 1.
Core
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How should you live? What should you be? What should you value? What is value? And what does it mean to say that you should do anything – what authority can such claims have?
This module introduces you to philosophical ethics, the systematic theoretical study of these questions. You will develop both your philosophical skills, and a map of the landscape of philosophical ethics by practicing critical reading and discussion and writing about questions relating to a range of topics.
Topics may include:
Goodness and rightness
Personhood and selfhood
Practical reason and moral psychology
Freedom, agency, and responsibility
The good life
The meaning and authority of ethical language
Applied problems in areas such as environmental ethics, bioethics, medical ethics or the ethics of technology
Major ethical theories such as utilitarianism, deontology, contractarianism, or virtue ethics
By studying the content and study of philosophical ethics, you will gain an invaluable set of skills and ideas to inform not only your future philosophical work, but important aspects of your life and future decision-making.
Although the word ‘philosophy’ has its origins in ancient Greece, the questions, discussions, and practices associated with this term have developed in a variety of cultural contexts from around the world for much of human history. In this module you will encounter philosophical traditions that have, until recently, tended not to be studied in Western universities. Here at Lancaster, we have particular expertise in this area and together we will explore a range of approaches and perspectives. The specific traditions covered in the module will vary each year, but will include some of Indian, Chinese, Islamic and African philosophies.
In addition to learning about concepts, texts and thinkers from global philosophical traditions, and helping to situate your own philosophical ideas within these contexts, you will also be encouraged to be critically reflective about your own philosophical preconceptions and methods of interpretation – and the challenges of studying philosophy from different cultural contexts and time periods.
Explore the thought of some of the key philosophers whose thinking has defined the contours of the western philosophical tradition, from Plato to Kant. The specific thinkers examined will vary from year to year, but they will include philosophers whose ideas have helped shape philosophical ideas, categories and boundaries in the western philosophical tradition. How did these thinkers conceive of philosophy and its task? How did they conceive of being and reality? How did they understand truth and how did they think it could be discovered?
You will begin to understand how these thinkers set the agenda for philosophical debates in the west from the past to the present. And you will also be encouraged to think about the problems and limitations of their approaches, and their impact on the way we practice and understand the boundaries and scope of philosophy today. You’ll learn to think with rather than about these philosophers, and you’ll form and develop your own philosophical skills, alongside an understanding of the tradition that we enter into when we study present-day philosophy in the western tradition.
Develop the philosophical tools for reasoning and arguing (critical thinking) and discover fundamental philosophical questions about knowledge (epistemology) and the nature of reality (metaphysics).
In studying critical thinking, you will learn methods of constructing and analysing arguments and acquire basic logical terminology. In exploring epistemology, you’ll discuss questions such as: how do we define ‘knowledge’ and what are its foundations? Can we answer the challenge of scepticism and are there alternative knowledges? In metaphysics, you will consider questions such as: what is the fundamental nature of reality? How are we to understand cause and effect, necessity and contingency, time and space, personal identity?
You will gain the means to think about some of the deepest and broadest philosophical questions we can ask, as well as acquiring critical-thinking tools that can be applied to these questions and to a wide range of arguments and challenges both in and outside of philosophy.
Political philosophy explores how best to arrange our collective life - through our political institutions, social practices and shared values, and through the economic, private and public structures that support these.
In this module you will consider critical debates that both historical and contemporary communities have faced about the boundaries, rights and duties of the state. How are these debates impacted by core concepts and values in political thought, such as justice, freedom, equality, sovereignty, rights and power?
You will examine core questions about the justification of state power and the rights and duties of people within political communities. You will also explore questions which apply these foundational positions to critical contemporary debates around the nature and role of the just state, looking at topics such as:
Gender and racial justice
Global and local inequality
Migration and political protest
You will leave this module with tools and ideas, and a deeper understanding of the normative questions raised by our collective life and how we might begin to address them with philosophical thinking.
What does it mean to think in and about the world? This module will draw on disciplines from across the School of Global Affairs to think about the very different ways in which the world can be imagined.
What are the ideas that have framed or limited our understanding of the world and others in it? How can we challenge existing narratives and explore alternative perspectives?
With a focus on your professional development, choose one from four Discovery modules offered in year 2.
Core
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At times, the study of philosophy can feel somewhat abstract and remote from the real-world, but in reality, much of the work of philosophy experts involves applying philosophical methods, ideas, concepts and arguments to real-world problems. We look for practical solutions. Philosophy can be usefully applied to a surprisingly wide range of areas such as professional ethics (as in business, communications, medicine, the media, the sciences and the armed forces), law, policy-making, economics, education and the social sciences.
In this module you will learn about topics in applied philosophy and practice the transferable skills that Philosophy graduates can bring to professional roles. These include critical problem solving, political and ethical reasoning, the clear identification of problems and communicating potential solutions to diverse audiences.
Create a portfolio of investigative and critical writing which explores a particular philosophical topic in depth. In this module you will be guided with expert support from a contemporary philosopher to develop your philosophical and independent study skills. Through deep engagement with a narrow topic you will develop your ability to assess philosophical arguments and make independent judgements, informed by reasoning and evidence.
In this module you will engage with a text, problem, figure or body of work chosen by an academic within the philosophy team at Lancaster who is a specialist on the topic. You will work with their expert support, in groups and independently.
Project topics offered each year will be drawn from one or more of Lancaster’s many areas of expertise, such as:
Ethics
Metaphysics
Political philosophy
Applied philosophy
Social ontology and epistemology
Philosophy of science
Philosophy of mind
The history of philosophy
Feminist philosophy
Continental philosophy
Global philosophy
Comparative philosophy
The module will equip you with the skills and knowledge you need for further independent writing in your final year of study.
Optional
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The nineteenth-century was a period of transformative changes in thinking and society. There was a new attention to history and the idea of historical progress, and to philosophical engagement with industrial capitalism and the rise of socialism. The period was marked by the struggle for the abolition of slavery and growing interest in its philosophical dimensions, as well as criticisms and defences of Christianity, atheism, secularism.
You will explore these issues through a diverse range of thinkers. They will vary from year to year but typical examples include:
G. W. F. Hegel
Ludwig Feuerbach
Harriet Martineau
Karl Marx
Friedrich Nietzsche
Frederick Douglass
Sojourner Truth
Arthur Schopenhauer
Frances Power Cobbe
Annie Besant
Søren Kierkegaard
You will read and analyse the original texts as well as recent interpretations, and you will learn to articulate and evaluate the central arguments made by historical figures. By the end of the module, you will be able to discuss the philosophical questions raised by a range of nineteenth-century authors, present their ideas in a balanced and well-informed way, and formulate your own conclusions on the issues.
Buddhist philosophy is one of the most enduring, voluminous and influential philosophical traditions in the world. In this module you will encounter some of the most central and well-known Buddhist concepts, texts and thinkers.
In addition to analysing core ideas, such as not-self, dependent origination, emptiness and Buddha nature, you will examine themes that pervade the study of Buddhist philosophy in its various contexts, such as the relationships between teaching and practice, philosophy and literature, and religion and politics. Through reading original Buddhist texts in translation, you will cultivate skills in critical thinking and interpreting primary sources.
In addition to developing the ability to engage in informed argument about key topics in the study of Buddhist philosophy, you will also learn to be reflective about the challenges of studying philosophy from different cultural contexts and time periods.
Not all professional contexts are the same – and within any organisation there are diverse people with varied backgrounds. This module focuses on enhancing your intercultural competency and cultural awareness, with a particular emphasis on ‘place-based’ learning. Considering the cultural dynamics of the North West of England and the broader UK helps us reflect upon intercultural dynamics in very different locations.
Through analysis, discussion and self-reflection you will strengthen your ability to navigate diverse workplace settings and enhance your employability in today’s interconnected world.
Hone a strong sense of purpose and gain the satisfaction of applying your skills and knowledge to a community, charity or student-led initiative.
Your challenge will be to take responsibility for arranging and completing a voluntary or fundraising activity—locally, virtually or during vacation periods at home. You will need to show that you have made a positive difference through this activity.
In class, you will be asked to reflect on this experience and explore the wider social impact of the work. In doing so you will build your confidence in your ability to contribute meaningfully to society through your future personal and professional path.
You are invited to collaborate in an interdisciplinary team with other students as you explore major global challenges such as climate change, inequality or emerging technologies.
Throughout the module you will examine how the humanities, arts and social sciences contribute to understanding and addressing complex issues. Classroom discussions and activities focus on the process of identifying problems and considering innovative, ethical responses, while helping you to consider and articulate the relevance of this work to your personal and professional development.
The exploration of philosophical views about the mind is a highly active field on the interface between contemporary philosophy and science.
We will begin with the mind-body problem, that is, how the mental relates to the physical. We will cover key positions on this problem, such as substance dualism, Wittgensteinian ‘dissolving’ approaches, mind-brain identity theory, functionalism, and extended/embedded cognition.
We will also consider the implications of different views on the mind-body problem, such as:
Could a computer think?
Can we have a full understanding of how consciousness is possible?
How can we tell if non-human animals, or even plants, have minds?
In addition, we will cover some of the problems around how we know about mental states:
Can we be sure of our own mental states?
How can we find out what other people are thinking or feeling?
What are the limits of our abilities to understand beings with minds very unlike our own?
What is the role of science in enabling us to make sense of the world? In this module, we explore a series of interconnected questions that lie at the heart of the philosophy of science:
What distinguishes science from other ways of knowing?
Is there a scientific method?
Is science the most reliable way to acquire knowledge?
Throughout the module, you will examine the influential ideas of key twentieth-century philosophers of science, such as Karl Popper's theory of falsifiability and Thomas Kuhn's concept of paradigm shifts. These thinkers challenge traditional views and lay the groundwork for ongoing debates.
Building on their ideas, you will explore contemporary discussions on scientific theories, the nature of scientific progress, and the relationship between science and other forms of knowledge. By the end of the module, you will have gained a deeper understanding of the proper role and limits of science.
Political and economic affairs raise many philosophical issues. Political theory and philosophy primarily explore normative questions (for example, about the nature of justice and freedom). In this module you will focus on epistemological and methodological challenges, which also have huge significance for how we think about our societies and the challenges they face.
Concepts such as democracy or autocracy, taxation or national debt, power or economic growth – all are complex and contested.
They raise metaphysical questions: what sorts of ‘things’ are they?
They pose epistemological challenges: how can we know or measure them?
They lead you to ask: is it possible to study them without making assumptions about values?
They provoke the consideration: how do large-scale political and economic phenomena relate to individual people and their activities?
Through considering these questions, you will gain an understanding of the special challenges involved in knowledge of our social, political and economic systems, and how philosophical thinking complements the tasks of political science and economics.
Explore how ideas can be developed into real-world projects with lasting value. Through hands-on collaboration and problem-solving, you will develop innovative projects, learn how to bring ideas to life and explore ways to sustain them.
Whether you are working in a team or individually, you will be encouraged to experiment with different approaches to making a difference in artistic, cultural, social and community spaces.
Core
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In your third year you will study at one of our international partner universities. This will help you to expand your global outlook and professional network, as well as developing your cultural and personal skills. It is also an opportunity to gain a different perspective on your subject through studying it in another country.
You will choose specialist modules relating to your degree and potentially modules from other subjects offered by the host university that are specific to that university and country.
The availability of places at overseas partners varies each year. In previous years destinations for students in the Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences have included Australia, USA, Canada, Europe and Asia.
Choose one of the core Philosophy modules.
Choose one from seven Discovery modules offered in your final year and develop the crucial ability to apply your knowledge and skills to diverse contexts.
Core
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From public philosophy articles online to science communications, from funding bids to policy advisory notes, academic philosophers regularly engage with, inform and persuade audiences outside the field of academic philosophy. To do so, they need to provide compelling, clearly-stated arguments; understand their target audience; and tailor their material to the audience they seek to impact.
You will develop and implement these practical philosophical skills on this module. Choosing from amongst the wide range of philosophical specialisms at Lancaster, and working closely with your academic supervisor to develop a question and relevant reading materials, you will first develop your own philosophical claim or perspective on a topic.
You will then participate in a series of structured workshops where you’ll develop and practice skills in writing for diverse public audiences, present and discuss your ideas and drafts with peers, and work towards the completion of a portfolio of pieces of public-facing philosophy. This module is an opportunity for you to take the philosophical skills and content you have learned over the course of the degree and use them to communicate important ideas beyond the field of academic philosophy.
Develop a philosophical dissertation: a substantial piece of independent research that demonstrates critical thinking, deep analysis, and original insight. You will identify a specific philosophical topic from the wide range of research specialisms within Philosophy at Lancaster and, together with your dissertation supervisor, develop a clear research question. You’ll engage with relevant primary and secondary texts to construct a compelling philosophical argument over a sustained piece of writing.
Complete your undergraduate student journey by demonstrating that you can expand on the knowledge base you have developed through your degree and use the philosophical skills you have gained to produce your own independent work in philosophy. Acquiring advanced research skills will prepare you for both further academic study in philosophy and for professional roles that require skills in research, critical thinking and independent thought.
Optional
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What happens when radically different forms of art meet? How do these fused forms change our understanding of the world? We will draw on material from different periods and continents, to explore works of art where, for example, film meets history, poetry meets philosophy, fine art meets sociology, religion meets fiction, and theatre meets politics.
Politics is one of the most widespread and most diverse phenomena of human experience. Yet it is often studied by relying on concepts, theoretical resources, and methodological approaches derived from a single intellectual tradition. This module seeks to reverse this trend by introducing you to philosophical perspectives emanating from different intellectual traditions on a particular topic.
The topic will vary from year to year. It may have to do with how democracy, modernity, secularism, pluralism, rights, or political legitimacy have been construed in different settings, for example.
The philosophical traditions you engage with will also vary from year to year, but may include Chinese, Continental, Indian, Islamic, analytic, African, Feminist, postcolonial, and/or decolonial perspectives. In addition to learning about different philosophical traditions, you will also reflect on the challenges of studying philosophy comparatively and engaging with philosophical traditions that derive from different cultural settings, developing a broader critical understanding of political community and life.
How might we engage with the implications of environmental transformation locally, nationally and globally? Where do we have agency and capacity to intervene?
This module brings together a range of perspectives—historical, political, philosophical and cultural—to explore the nature and severity of the effects of the climate crisis on our world.
Discover key thinkers from what is known as the ‘continental’ tradition of philosophy. In different ways, these thinkers have critiqued the assumptions and methodologies of the western philosophical tradition, as well as its development in Anglo-American philosophy. The particular philosophers considered will vary from year to year, but will include thinkers who have been particularly influential (for example, Hegel, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Wittgenstein) as well as more recent continental thinkers (for example, Lyotard, Derrida, Levinas, Žižek, Foucault, Arendt and Beauvoir).
You will engage with original texts, as well as secondary literature, in order to understand and interpret their central arguments. The approach will be predominantly critical rather than historical, encouraging you to assess their distinctive claims, methods and approaches and their wider contribution to philosophy.
In this module you will engage with cutting-edge philosophical research, working with an academic philosopher on a topic which is part of their current live philosophical project.
You may be reviewing the chapters of a manuscript and critically commenting on them, reading an academic’s recent publications and coming up with further questions and challenges that build on their ideas, or discussing new research relevant to the live philosophical debate your module supervisor is currently engaged with.
Through student-led and discussion-based workshops you will present your own summaries of key readings on the course, take part in guided discussions of those readings, and work on the challenge to be addressed in your final written piece: a paper which is not only informed by, but may itself eventually inform, current debates within the discipline.
In doing so you will be taking part in the experience shared by all professional philosophers, that of contributing to the development of the field itself.
What does it mean to imagine a world without borders? Using materials typically derived from case studies, reports, archives, film, television and literature, this module foregrounds interdisciplinary approaches.
You will be encouraged to develop your understanding of migration and displacement, and to envision alternative global migration futures in ways that can impact future policy, political and societal perspectives.
What are the possibilities and pitfalls of community and citizen action, voice and agency? This module uses interdisciplinary case-studies to critically examine collaboration with communities.
You will participate in activities such as a mock citizens' assembly, visit local community groups and hear different points of view from a range of guest speakers on concepts like power, race, gender, class, affect and justice.
In this module you will consider some of the most fundamental questions of existence and ethics. What are you? That is, what is the self? A representation, a subject of experience, a bundle of experiences, an agent, an organism, a person?
We will take a curated path through these interconnected questions, and work together to understand, develop, and communicate answers to questions such as:
Is the self one thing or many? Or is it nothing, because there is no self?
Which kinds of things have selves or might be considered to be persons? Only humans, or also non-human animals, artificial intelligences, aliens, corporations, nation-states?
Is the self found or made? And what does that mean for how we should live?
Which things have moral standing or rights or responsibilities?
How do you stay the same through time and change?
Is self-knowledge valuable?
What is the good life for a person?
An opportunity to dive even more deeply into your Philosophy Dissertation with a more extensive piece of independent research. This module is an extension of the standard philosophy dissertation module and should be taken in conjunction with the standard module.
Take this module if you are particularly keen to demonstrate and hone your research skills and apply them to your own research topic. You may be planning to continue to postgraduate study or enter a professional role that requires skills in research, critical thinking and independent thought.
Together, we create a social world. This world is made up of:
Groups and institutions such as nations, corporations and educational institutions
Social products and structures such as money, marriage and class
Collectively produced outcomes such as global climate change, wars and revolutions, and viral hits and memes
It is a world created by us through language, beliefs and our combined actions and choices, but – at the same time – it cannot easily be changed or ignored and has enormous power over our lives and reality.
In this module you will investigate how exactly our social world is created, sustained and changed, and the ethical and political impacts of this for our lives, and those of others. You will take part in some of contemporary philosophy’s newest and most lively debates in the fields of social ontology, social epistemology and collective ethics, and have the chance to make your own contributions to these new and still-developing fields of research.
You will leave the module with a greater understanding of the complex metaphysical, epistemological and ethical challenges that our social world compels us to address.
Examine key philosophical questions raised by warfighting, from ancient traditions to contemporary debates, and explore some of the central dilemmas faced by soldiers, governments, and non-combatant groups.
You will learn about the ethics of fighting and killing within diverse Just War and critical traditions as well as political, jurisprudential and experiential dimensions of war.
This module will allow you to build on your past studies to develop your knowledge of philosophy and enhance your critical evaluation and argumentative skills by addressing questions such as:
Can war be beautiful?
When, if ever, should we go to war?
What counts as legitimate action in war?
What, if anything, do we owe to our enemies?
Is soldiering a good life?
What does technological development mean for warfare?
And who has the epistemic authority to speak about war?
What do we understand by queerness? Looking back at earlier interpretations, we imagine how queerness might evolve—how it might be lived, felt and understood in the future.
You will explore queer futures from a range of perspectives and viewpoints, while examining both feminist and queer theory, as well as queer media and cultural texts and material relating to areas such as activism, politics and healthcare.
Who does technology benefit or harm, and what should its role in society be? This module examines the social and ethical issues surrounding the development of modern technologies and their use in the modern world, with a vision to shape our future relationship with technology.
How do ideas understand, transform and conserve the world? In this module we will study examples of powerful ideas such as the nation, free speech, liberation, the free market, culture and nature. We will use case studies to help us explore the relationship between analysis, imagination and practice.
Enhancing our curriculum
We continually review and enhance our curriculum to ensure we are delivering the best possible learning experience, and to make sure that the subject knowledge and transferable skills you develop will prepare you for your future. The University will make every reasonable effort to offer programmes and modules as advertised. In some cases, changes may be necessary and may result in new modules or some modules and combinations being unavailable, for example as a result of student feedback, timetabling, staff changes and new research.
Fees and funding
We set our fees on an annual basis and the 2026/27
entry fees have not yet been set.
There may be extra costs related to your course for items such as books, stationery, printing, photocopying, binding and general subsistence on trips and visits. Following graduation, you may need to pay a subscription to a professional body for some chosen careers.
Specific additional costs for studying at Lancaster are listed below.
College fees
Lancaster is proud to be one of only a handful of UK universities to have a collegiate system. Every student belongs to a college, and all students pay a small college membership fee which supports the running of college events and activities. Students on some distance-learning courses are not liable to pay a college fee.
For students starting in 2025, the fee is £40 for undergraduates and research students and £15 for students on one-year courses.
Computer equipment and internet access
To support your studies, you will also require access to a computer, along with reliable internet access. You will be able to access a range of software and services from a Windows, Mac, Chromebook or Linux device. For certain degree programmes, you may need a specific device, or we may provide you with a laptop and appropriate software - details of which will be available on relevant programme pages. A dedicated IT support helpdesk is available in the event of any problems.
The University provides limited financial support to assist students who do not have the required IT equipment or broadband support in place.
Study abroad courses
In addition to travel and accommodation costs, while you are studying abroad, you will need to have a passport and, depending on the country, there may be other costs such as travel documents (e.g. VISA or work permit) and any tests and vaccines that are required at the time of travel. Some countries may require proof of funds.
Placement and industry year courses
In addition to possible commuting costs during your placement, you may need to buy clothing that is suitable for your workplace and you may have accommodation costs. Depending on the employer and your job, you may have other costs such as copies of personal documents required by your employer for example.
The fee that you pay will depend on whether you are considered to be a home or international student. Read more about how we assign your fee status.
Home fees are subject to annual review, and may be liable to rise each year in line with UK government policy. International fees (including EU) are reviewed annually and are not fixed for the duration of your studies. Read more about fees in subsequent years.
We will charge tuition fees to Home undergraduate students on full-year study abroad/work placements in line with the maximum amounts permitted by the Department for Education. The current maximum levels are:
Students studying abroad for a year: 15% of the standard tuition fee
Students taking a work placement for a year: 20% of the standard tuition fee
International students on full-year study abroad/work placements will also be charged in line with the maximum amounts permitted by the Department for Education. The current maximum levels are:
Students studying abroad for a year: 15% of the standard international tuition fee during the Study Abroad year
Students taking a work placement for a year: 20% of the standard international tuition fee during the Placement year
Please note that the maximum levels chargeable in future years may be subject to changes in Government policy.
Scholarships and bursaries
Details of our scholarships and bursaries for students starting in 2026 are not yet available.
The information on this site relates primarily to 2026/2027 entry to the University and every effort has been taken to ensure the information is correct at the time of publication.
The University will use all reasonable effort to deliver the courses as described, but the University reserves the right to make changes to advertised courses. In exceptional circumstances that are beyond the University’s reasonable control (Force Majeure Events), we may need to amend the programmes and provision advertised. In this event, the University will take reasonable steps to minimise the disruption to your studies. If a course is withdrawn or if there are any fundamental changes to your course, we will give you reasonable notice and you will be entitled to request that you are considered for an alternative course or withdraw your application. You are advised to revisit our website for up-to-date course information before you submit your application.
More information on limits to the University’s liability can be found in our legal information.
Our Students’ Charter
We believe in the importance of a strong and productive partnership between our students and staff. In order to ensure your time at Lancaster is a positive experience we have worked with the Students’ Union to articulate this relationship and the standards to which the University and its students aspire. Find out more about our Charter and student policies.
Undergraduate open days 2025
Our summer and autumn open days will give you Lancaster University in a day. Visit campus and put yourself in the picture.
Take five minutes and we'll show you what our Top 10 UK university has to offer, from beautiful green campus to colleges, teaching and sports facilities.
Most first-year undergraduate students choose to live on campus, where you’ll find award-winning accommodation to suit different preferences and budgets.
Our historic city is student-friendly and home to a diverse and welcoming community. Beyond the city you'll find a stunning coastline and the world-famous English Lake District.